The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.